Archive for the ‘Automation, Monitoring & PLCs’
Free Training Products : PLC, Programming PLC, Electrical Relay, Control
PLC Primer ( 252K PDF file)
For those new to PLCs–Grasp the basics of PLCs Programming and Documentation Pads (ALL) (720K PDF file)
These useful PLC listing pads allow you to implement better PLC design implementations and keep an orderly documentation system. Select a PDF with all listing and sample pads or individual listings with samples (below)
PLC Program Listing (184K PDF file)
Input/Output Listing (200K PDF file)
Register-Word/Internal Output Usage Listing (196K PDF file)
PLC Automation Project Notes (168K PDF file)
PLC Glossary of Terms (92K PDF file)
A complete glossary of the most often used terms in PLC systems
Logic Symbols, Truth Tables and Equivalent Ladder/PLC Logic Diagrams (20K PDF file)
Handy table of equivalent electromechanical ladder diagram and PLC symbols
Electrical Relay Diagram and P&ID Symbols (88K PDF file)
Reference table of relay and P&ID diagram symbols used in design
Introduction to PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)
What is PLC ?
• A solid state device that controls output devices based on input status and a user program.
• A PLC is basically a computer which was designed for industrial automation purposes.
PLC monitor the status of devices connected as inputs. Based upon a user written program, stored in memory, it controls the status of devices connected as outputs.
• I/O system is the “eyes, ears, and hands” of the PLC.
• I/O module is the interface between the PLC and the devices which are a part of the automation system.
See detail : Introduction to PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)
Infrared Scanning of Your Distribution Equipment
White Papers 
- Development of a Utility Feeder IR PdM program
- Infrared diagnostics of distribution line fuse problems
- Infrared diagnostic of substation feeder problems
- Electricity Provider provides Infrared Inspections to Member Companies
- Energy Auditing using Predictive Engineering Techniques
- Generator step-up transformer, low voltage bushing overheating event
- Financial Impact of Electric Motor System Reliability Programs
- Infrared inspections of electric substations: the importance of developing a Plan
- Lightning Arresters’ effect on power line reliability
- Criticality of oil level of power transformers and regulators
- Secure Plant Infrastructure through Remote Substation Monitoring
- Substation Equipment (bushings)
- Substation inspection guidelines
- Thermography Detection on The Fatigue Damage of Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) Steels
- Thermographic evaluation of coating thickness in superalloy turbine parts
- Five uncommon component anomalies
Basic Principles of Fiber Optics
Basic Principles of Fiber Optics
Introduction - Basic Principles - Applied Principles - Optical Fiber Parameters - Fiber Manufacturing - Crossword Puzzle
What is Fiber Optics?
Fiber Benefits
Key Points in Fiber History
Check Your Understanding
Bibliography
Since its invention in the early 1970s, the use and demand of optical fiber has grown tremendously. The uses of optical fiber today are quite numerous. The most common are telecommunications, medicine, military, automotive, and industrial.
Telecommunications applications are widespread, ranging from global networks to local telephone exchanges to subscribers’ homes to desktop computers. These involve the transmission of voice, data, or video over distances of less than a meter to hundreds of kilometers, using one of a few standard fiber designs in one of several cable designs.
Companies such as AT&T, MCI, and U.S. Sprint use optical fiber cable to carry plain old telephone service (POTS) across their nationwide networks. Local telephone service providers use fiber to carry this same service between central office switches at more local levels, and sometimes as far as the neighborhood or individual home.
Optical fiber is also used extensively for transmission of data signals. Private networks are owned by firms such as IBM, Rockwell, Honeywell, banks, universities, Wall Street firms, and more. These firms have a need for secure, reliable systems to transfer computer and monetary information between buildings to the desktop terminal or computer, and around the world. The security inherent in optical fiber systems is a major benefit.
Cable television or community antenna television (CATV) companies also find fiber useful for video services. The high information-carrying capacity, or bandwidth, of fiber makes it the perfect choice for transmitting signals to subscribers.
Finally, one of the fastest growing markets for fiber optics is intelligent transportation systems, smart highways with intelligent traffic lights, automated toll booths, and changeable message signs to give motorists information about delays and emergencies.
These are only a few of the many applications possible with the use of optical fiber. Other telecommunications benefits will be emphasized in more detail throughout this text. website focuses primarily on telecommunications uses of optical fiber. To understand these applications, it is important to define fiber optics.
A Technical Reference Series Brought to you by OMEGA
Network Protection & Automation Guide
NETWORK PROTECTION AND AUTOMATION GUIDE
Or…
Network Protection and Automation Guide (Electrical Power System)
File : pdf, 11.2 MB, 452 pages
TOC
Introduction
Fundamentals of Protection Practice
Fundamental Theory
Fault Calculations
Equivalent Circuits and Parameters of Power System Plant
Current and Voltage Transformers
Relay Technology
Protection: Signalling and Intertripping
Overcurrent Protection for Phase and Earth Faults
Unit Protection of Feeders
Distance Protection
Distance Protection Schemes
Protection of Complex Transmission Circuits
Auto-Reclosing
Busbar Protection
Transformer and Transformer-Feeder Protection
Generator and Generator-Transformer Protection
Industrial and Commercial Power System Protection
A.C. Motor Protection
Protection of A.C. Electrified Railways
Relay Testing and Commissioning
Power System Measurements
Power Quality
Substation Control and Automation
Distribution System Automation
Appendix 1 Terminology
Appendix 2 ANSI/IEC Relay Symbols
Appendix 3 Application Tables
